Authors: Engbang Ndamba Jean Paul, Essome Henri, Mve Koh valère, Ndjom Nack Jean Paul, Foumane Pascal.
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Few data are available in the city of Douala. Our objective is to determine risk factors for cervical cancer at Laquintinie Hospital and Douala General Hospital.
Patients and Methods: This was a case-control study of patients seen from 02/02/2016 to 31/05/2018 in both sites of the study. The cases were women with histological evidence of cervical cancer, those with no cervical cancer at visual inspection with acetic acid and lugol (IVA-IVL). The odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to measure the association between cervical cancer and the variables of interest.
Results: We included 250 cases of cervical cancer and 1000 controls. In cases, 82.8% had metrorrhagia. The most recovered FIGO stages were stages IIIb and Iva with 22.8% and 18.4% respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 91.2% of the histological types and 64.0% received concomitant neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The risk factors found were tobacco (OR = 25, P <0.0001), STIs (OR = 13.7, P <0.0001), number of sexual partners ≥2 (OR = 4.4), HIV seropositivity (OR = 8.6, P = 0.0001), age ≥ 50years (3.6), low socio-economic status (OR = 3), sexual intercourse before the age of 18 (OR = 2.8), delivery before age 20 (OR = 2.56), oral contraceptive use over 5 years or more (OR = 2.3).
Conclusion: The study carried out within the framework of our thesis, despite its limitations, constitutes a source of information for scientific research on cervical cancer. It contributes to the improvement of cervical cancer knowledge, allows us to define at-risk populations, and subsequently allows us to set up an early diagnosis algorithm.
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