Authors: Giuliani Renz G. Paas, Jeremy Owen G. Go, Ezekiel Morena S. Rivera, Margarita Ysabel S. Mangahas, Eunice Marie Perez-Trajano, Raul D. Jara.
Background: In a recent publication, four beta blockers—Metoprolol, Carvedilol, Bisoprolol, and Nebivolol have shown good effects in heart failure. Published studies on the role of beta-3 receptor (B3AR) agonism over the past 3 decades had conflicting results. Recent experimental studies described its role in coupling mechanisms with nitric oxide, offering protection in damaged cardiac myocytes.
Objectives: The general objective is to study the role of B3AR in heart failure and to identify the effects of four known beta blockers used in guideline-directed medical therapy on B3AR. Specifically, we want to know which beta blocker will upregulate or downregulate B3AR.
Methods: A systematic review was carried out through literature search on PubMed, MEDLINE, Herdin, and Cochrane for human studies describing the effects of B3AR upregulation in heart failure. Specifically, we searched for published studies regarding proposed mechanisms by which beta blockers utilized in guideline-directed medical therapy can provide cardioprotective effects through B3AR upregulation or downregulation.
Conclusion: The beneficial effects of the four identified beta-blockers on heart failure patients are well-established, but their effects on B3AR are varied with different mechanistic beneficial effect.
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