Authors: Ngatali Christian FS, Bolenga Liboko AF, Mabiala Y, Doukaga Moussavou RA, Moukassa D, Nkoua Mbon JB.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of precancerous lesions in the Lekoumou and Niari departments.
Patients and Methods: this was a descriptive and cross-sectional study over a period of 7 months from January to July 2020 in the department of of lekoumou, The analyzes were made in the Laboratory of Medical and Morphological Analysis of the General Hospital of Loandjili. Our study involved a population of 100 women ranging in age from 16 to 73 years old. All of these women voluntarily benefited from a cervico-uterine sample. The cytological study was based on the international classification of BETHESDA 2001, taking into account the quality of the sample and the cell morphology. The variables studied were: age, marital status, level of education, cytology. Bivariate analyze was done between age and cytology. All the results of this study were statistically analyzed from the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test using Epi-InfoTM software version 7.1.1.14, USA (http:// www.epiinfo.com).
Results: The mean age of the patients was 34.6 ± 11.9 with extremes ranging from 16 to 73 years. The most represented age groups were 20-29 years old (31%) and 30-39 years old (29%). Our study population was predominantly college, accounting for 53% of cases. The proportion of uneducated women represented 11% of our study population. Almost 3⁄4 of our study population were married women (74%). Singles represented only 22% of the study population. More than half of our study population, 58%, had normal cytology. Benign and reactive cell changes were diagnosed in 20% of cases. Low-grade and high-grade precancerous lesions were observed in 8% and 12% of cases, respectively. High-grade intraepithelial lesions were more represented in patients aged between 27 and 36 years 50%, high-grade lesions represented in 47% of cases. there were no statistically significant result between age and cytology.
Conclusion: prevalence of precancerous lesions is relatively high It is well known that intraepithelial neoplasia precedes invasive carcinoma after a period of about 10 years. knowledge of these precancerous lesions is necessary for optimal prevention of cervical cancer.
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