Authors: Mannan MA, Sharmin Afroze, Ishrat Jahan Ruba, Taiaba Sultana, Tareq Rahman, Shah Nizam Uddin Shaon, Shakhawat Alam.
Background: Congenital heart disease is one of the most common congenital problems of neonates which can contribute to infant mortality and morbidity. The goal of this study is to identify the different patterns of congenital heart diseases with its outcome among neonates attending a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year from March 2020 to February 2021, among the neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Central Hospital Limited. Neonates with structural congenital heart disease, diagnosed by routine echocardiography were included in this study. Pattern of the lesions was observed and analyzed. Patients were followed up to neonatal period to see the outcome.
Results: A total of 100 neonates were diagnosed with congenital heart disease during the study period and majority of them were acyanotic (98%) and combined lesions such as PDA with ASD (37.7%) followed by PDA only (36.7%). Males were predominant (60%). The majority of neonates were pre-term (79%) with low birth weight (38%). Consanguinity was present in 5% of cases. Resuscitation was required mostly among the combined type of CHD cases. Treatment was required in 67% of cases with a complete resolution of the defect in 89% of cases. Overall mortality was 7% mostly due to combined cardiac lesions.
Conclusion: Regarding the type of congenital heart defect, acyanotic defect was more common than cyanotic with patent ductus arteriosus alone or in combination were the commonest lesion.