Authors: Momar DIOUM, Papa H. Diagne, Ziadath Assani, Pape O. Ba, Ismael I. Moina-Hanifa, Aliou A. Ngaide, Sidy L. Sy, Mbacké Sarr, Amadou G. Ciss.
Introduction: Rheumatic heart disease are a serious complication of acute articular rheumatism. They remain frequent in our underdeveloped countries and in Senegal in particular. Late diagnosis and lack of early and appropriate management put people at risk of serious and sometimes fatal complications. The purpose of our study was to report the epidemic profile and outcomes of rheumatic valve disease management.
Methodology: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study including patients hospitalized from January 1st, 2017 to June 31th, 2019 for rheumatic valve disease in cardiac surgery or medical cardiology department. The various parameters studied were epidemiological, diagnostic and prognostic data. Data analysis was done by the Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version18.
Results: We collected 102 cases. The average age was 20.57. The Male/Female sex ratio was 1.12. Fifty-six patients were hospitalized for scheduled surgery, 43 for decompensated heart failure and 03 for infectious endocarditis. Mitral valve regurgitation was the most common valve disease (19.61%). Poly-valvular involvement was dominated by mitral disease and aortic valve regurgitation (32.35%). Seventy-five patients, or 73.5%, had received surgical treatment, including valve replacement in 67.15% of cases and valvuloplasties accounted for 37.83%. Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy was performed in 03 patients. The medical treatment was for heart failure and infectious endocarditis. The trend was favourable in 86.2% of cases. Twenty-eight patients were lost sight. Medium-term mortality was 13.7% or 14 patients.
Conclusion: Rheumatic heart diseases remain common in our regions, they must be detected early for better management. The treatment is typically surgical but is often lacking hence the importance of the prevention of rheumatic arthritis.
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