The objective of the study was to report the epidemiological and histological profile of breast cancer in the Zinder region of Niger.

Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 217 documented cases of breast cancer over a 5-year period from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2024 in referral centres in the Zinder region.

Results: We collected 217 documented cases of cancer. The average age was 41.59 ± 11.78 years, with extremes of 26 and 65 years. 84.33% were housewives, 48.38% were multiparous, 75.12% had no schooling, and 75.57% were from rural areas. A family history of breast cancer was found in 11.88%. The diagnosis was made in 61.75% of cases more than 6 months after the onset of symptoms. The most common clinical signs were pain, lymphadenopathy, skin lesions, and the presence of a tumour mass, found in 78.34%, 85.71%, 85.71%, and 100% of cases, respectively. The right breast was affected in 59.44% of cases. The clinical stages were dominated by T3 and T4 stage cancers in 58.52% and 30.87% of cases, respectively. Pathological examination found ductal carcinoma as the histological type in 68.75% of cases. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 21.65% of cases.

Conclusion: Cancer affects young women, most of whom are multiparous, some with a family history of the disease, and is discovered at a late stage. Invasive carcinoma is the most common histological type.