Objective: This study aims to describe the epidemiological, morphological and histo-prognostic particularities of neuroblastoma in Senegal.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted from January 2017 to December 2023. This analysis focused on all cases of neuroblastoma confirmed histologically and having benefited from an immunohistochemistry study in the PCR laboratories of HOGIP and UCAD in Dakar.

Results: During the study period of 07 years we collected 35 cases representing 5.27% of pediatric tumor cases (n = 664). The mean age was 5.42 years with a standard deviation of 4.33. The sex ratio was 0.94. The location of the neuroblastoma was unique in 88.57% of cases and of adrenal topography in 22.86%. The tumor was diagnosed at the metastatic stage at the time in 25.71% of cases. The most common macroscopic appearance was a well-limited multinodular tumor of firm consistency presenting necrotic-hemorrhagic changes on section. The diagnosis of neuroblastoma was suggested on the morphology in 32 cases (91.42%). All cases were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Histological analysis highlighted the poorly differentiated histological subtype predominating in (57.14%) of cases. Using the INSS classification, 74.29% of patients were in Stage 2B and 25.71% in Stage 4.

Conclusion: the low incidence of neuroblastoma in Senegalese children raises questions about the non-exhaustiveness of cases that benefited from diagnostic biopsies and the possibility that a certain number of cases may have regressed spontaneously. The prognosis was poor because the majority of cases were diagnosed at advanced stages.