Introduction: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is the most frequent form of tuberculosis in children, especially in the lymph nodes. The aim of this study is to describe the histological and epidemiological profiles of lymph node tuberculosis in children at the Paraclinical Training and Research Unit in Anatomy and Cytology Pathology at CHU/JRA.

Method: This is a retrospective, descriptive study of cases of lymph node tuberculosis in children. The study was spread over a five-year period, from January 2017 to December 2021.

Results: During the study period, 80 cases were recorded. The children's ages ranged from 0.33 months to 15 years, with an average of 9.11 years and a peak in the 12-15 age group (n=31, 38.7%). A slight male predominance was observed, with a sex ratio of 1.1. The location was cervical in 86.3% of cases. The lesion was discovered in the majority of cases by the existence of adenopathy (97.5%), most often in the cervical region. The morphological appearance was typical of a tuberculoid granuloma in 96.3% of cases. 

Conclusion: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, including lymph node localization in children, is a public health problem in Madagascar. Anatomopathological examination remains a reliable and essential element for confirming the diagnosis and eliminating other differential diagnoses. 

Typhoid (Enteric) Fever still remain a disease of major public health importance and of significant burden to our health service delievery: Typhoid have similar symptom with other infections such as fever, headache, diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, fatigue and anorexia, therefore, treatment should be based on adequate laboratory diagnosis. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. Typhi is a growing concern, the need for appropriate antibiotic stewardship can never been over emphasized.