Introduction: By ensuring early detection of acute illnesses and timely access to necessary care, organized emergency care systems save lives and amplify the impact of many other components of the health system. 

Objective: The objective of our study was to take stock of 18 months of activities of the medical-surgical emergency department of the Ziniare regional hospital center from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. 

Methods: This was a retrospective study with a descriptive aim of patients admitted to the medical-surgical emergency department of the Ziniare regional hospital center from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021. 

Results: We collected 2429 patients with a mean age of 38.27 years and a sex ratio of 1.65. The majority of patients resided outside the city of Ziniare and accounted for 53.3% of patients. The average length of stay in the emergency department was 1.88 days. There were 36.13% of people returning home, 31.85% of hospitalization. Traumatological pathologies were predominant in our series with a percentage of 22.8% of all diagnoses made, followed by infectious pathologies with a percentage of 17.6%. Digestive surgical pathologies accounted for 8.2% of cases. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for 10.2% of cases. Antibiotics are administered in 22.36%. Urgent surgical indications accounted for 24.86% of diagnoses. 

Conclusion: The medical-surgical emergency department of the Ziniare Regional Hospital Center plays an important role in the care of patients in the Central Plateau region. A reorganization of the service, the strengthening of human resources and the improvement of the technical platform could optimize the performance of the service.