Background: Typhoid fever is a major public health problem in many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to safe water and sanitation is limited.

Different serovars of Salmonella constitute diverse geographical distribution, different host specificity and impose different syndromes during infections. In clinical settings, Salmonella infections are distinguished into typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars. Infected individuals usually suffer from prolonged fevers and headache, and later coupled with diarrhea and abdominal pain. Meanwhile, several other symptoms were also observed in the patients that include a non-productive cough, constipation, meningismus, deafness, confusion, as well as weight loss. On the occurrence of death, it has mainly associated with seizures, intestinal perforation, pneumonia, and coma. Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, is highly endemic for typhoid fever, with an estimated incidence of 100 cases per 100,000 populations. Typhoid fever is a significant public health concern in Nigeria, and several studies have investigated the prevalence of the disease and its burden in the country. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in Nigeria between 2000 and 2018 reported an overall pooled prevalence of typhoid fever of 20.9%.

Aims: To determine the burden and frequency of typhoid fever among hospitalized febrile patient in David Umahi Federal University Teachiong Hospital, Uburu, between January 2023 to June 2023.