Objectives: To describe anesthesiological management of thyroidectomy at Niamey National Hospital.

Method: This was a prospective study conducted from, January 1st to June 30th 2018. Were been included all patients who underwent an anesthesiological procedure with a complete record for a thyroidectomy at the National Hospital of Niamey. The following variables were studied: age, sex, comorbidity, ASA class Status, Mallampati class, operative indication, anesthesia technique, anesthetic protocol, intraoperative anesthetic incidents and accidents, duration of surgery, duration of anesthesia, duration in resuscitation room, postoperative follow-up. The data were analyzed by the software Word 2013 and Epi Info 3.5.4.

Results: The series included 33 patients, 28 women (84.84%) and 5 men (15.16%). The average age was 42 years ± 8.3 with extremes of 24 years to 78 years. The operative indications were dominated by multinodular goiter with 42.42%; the Mallampati 1 class was predominant with 51.51% of cases; the ASA 2 class status represent 54.54% of cases; difficult intubation involved 18.20% of patients. General anesthesia was the only technique used in all our patients. Hypotension was the major perioperative incident for 6 of 7 patients involved. Total thyroidectomy was the most performed procedure in 72.72% of patients. Postoperative analgesia was provided by paracetamol, NSAIDs, tramadol and nefopam with a predominance of paracetamol+tramadol combination in 66.60% of cases. The average duration of the surgery was 80 minutes with extremes of 36 minutes to 120 minutes. The operative follow-ups were simple in 97% of cases with a zero-mortality rate. The average hospital stay was 7 days with extremes of 3 days to 14 days.

Conclusion: Thyroidectomy under general anesthesia is a well-understood procedure today in our context, but it is necessary to train teams in the practice of locoregional anesthesia adapted to our environment.