Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a vital life-saving procedure. Adequate knowledge, positive attitude, and willingness to perform CPR among medical students are important for improving survival outcomes in emergency situations. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and willingness to perform CPR among medical students at the University of Ilorin.

Methods: This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 clinical medical students at the University of Ilorin using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed socio-demographic characteristics, CPR knowledge, attitude, and willingness to perform CPR. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were performed, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Among the respondents, 61.1% had previously received formal CPR/BLS training, mainly through the medical school curriculum. The mean knowledge score was 6.41 ± 1.28 out of 9, with 49% demonstrating good CPR knowledge. Respondents showed overwhelmingly positive attitudes towards CPR, with 91% demonstrating positive attitudes overall. However, only 63.3% were willing to attempt CPR during a cardiac arrest event. Significant predictors of good CPR knowledge included higher academic level and prior CPR training, while male gender and previous CPR training independently predicted willingness to perform CPR. Major barriers identified were lack of adequate skills, fear of causing harm, fear of legal consequences, and fear of infection transmission.

Conclusion: Although medical students demonstrated positive attitudes towards CPR, gaps in knowledge and willingness to intervene were identified. Regular practical CPR training, refresher courses, and supportive institutional policies are recommended to improve CPR competence and willingness among medical students.