Arterial hypertension is a complex, multifactorial, and chronic disease, frequently beginning during childhood and adolescence, recognized to be a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, which increases arterial stiffness that in turn produces mitral regurgitation that leads to a progressive left atrial enlargement with the development of ectopic atrial rhythm, and later the new onset of atrial fibrillation. Therefore, the coexistence of arterial stiffness, mitral regurgitation, and ectopic atrial rhythm could be defined as a syndrome of the arterial, ventricular, and atrial hemodynamic axis that can occur even in symptomatic patients who do not fall into the classification of "hypertensive".

The goal of primordial prevention is to maintain the state of cardiovascular health, with a solid population-based strategy that includes non-pharmacological behaviours and effective antihypertensive therapy to prevent cardiovascular complications.