Introduction: Hemorrhoidal disease is a benign anorectal condition that encompasses the various clinical manifestations arising from the hemorrhoidal vascular plexuses. Despite its benign nature, it is a common disorder with potentially significant repercussions on patients’ quality of life. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the population of Ouagadougou regarding hemorrhoidal disease.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collection over a two-month period, involving residents of Ouagadougou.

Results: A total of 485 participants were enrolled. The sample showed a slight female predominance, with a sex ratio of 0.96. The mean age was 35.5 ± 13.8 years. More than half of the respondents (55%) demonstrated a low level of knowledge about hemorrhoidal disease. The main source of information was the family circle (62.7%). In this study, one in five participants reported a history of hemorrhoidal disease. Among them, 40.2% had consulted a traditional healer, while 23.7% reported having received medical or surgical treatment. Younger age, higher education level, and access to professional sources of information were significantly associated with better knowledge of hemorrhoidal disease.

Conclusion: Further studies assessing both knowledge of hemorrhoidal disease and its influence on health-seeking behavior are warranted to guide the development of context- appropriate public health strategies.