Introduction: With the advent of more accurate diagnostics through lymphocyte immunophenotyping, this study aimed to update the characteristics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in Togo.

Method: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted between January 2012 and December 2022 (10 years) in the clinical hematology department of the CHU Campus in Lomé. The diagnosis of CLL was based on blood lymphocytosis greater than 5,000/mm3, combined with a Matutes score of ≥ 4. The variables studied included the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and disease progression aspects.

Results: During the study period, 34 patients were included, representing an average annual incidence of 3.4 new cases. The mean age was 61.8 ± 9.6 years (range: 45–78 years), and the sex ratio was 0.7. The primary reason for consultation was left hypochondrial discomfort (73.5% of cases). Twenty-two patients (75.9%) presented with lymphadenopathy. The mean blood lymphocytosis was 105 G/L. Prognostically, 27 patients (79.4%) were in Binet stage C. Chlorambucil was used as first-line treatment in 29 patients (85.3%), and six deaths were recorded (17.6%).

Conclusion: The incidence of CLL appears to be increasing in Togo. Diagnostic delays and the lack of appropriate technical infrastructure negatively affect the prognosis in most cases.