Groundwater serves as the leading source of freshwater for both agricultural and domestic applications for the inhabitants of the study areas. The present study was conducted to evaluate the radon concentration levels and assess the quality of groundwater samples collected from different locations of the study communities. A total of thirty (30) water samples (boreholes and streams) were analyzed using a liquid scintillation counter (LSC) located at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, along with in situ measurements of the physicochemical properties of the water samples. The activity concentration of all the water samples ranged from 4.81 to 54.4 ± 0.10 Bq/L with an average value of 14.58 ± 2.00 Bq/L, Temperature measurements varied from 26.42 ± 28.43°C with a mean value of 27.55 ± 0.10 ±C whereas the mean hydrogen concentration (pH) value of the water samples was found at 7.21 ± 0.10. The Electrical conductivity value ranges from 417 to 840 µS/cm with an average value of 641.33 ± 19.51 µS/cm while the mean concentration of the annual effective dose for ingestion and inhalation of radon gas was found to be 3.06 ± 0.42 ±Sv/y and 19.80 ± 2.96 µSv/y respectively. The risk order of the annual effective dose for ingestion and inhalation for the three categories of people in all the study areas were of the magnitude infants > children > adults suggesting infants’ susceptibility to lung cancer than others The average values of temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity were found within the allowable range set by the Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and the WHO. However, the mean radon level was higher than the USEPA reference limit, while the annual effective dose for radionuclide intake in drinking water was lower than the WHO baseline. It could be concluded that the analyzed water samples are relatively safe for both agricultural and domestic purposes, and it does not pose any immediate health concern to the communities.