Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) are among the major pests limiting yam production by causing root galling, poor tuber development, and significant yield losses. The excessive use of synthetic nematicides has raised concerns about environmental pollution, human health, and the development of pest resistance, creating the need for eco-friendly alternatives. This study aimed to comparatively assess the effectiveness of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extract and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) seed extract in controlling Meloidogyne javanica on yam (Dioscorea rotundata). A completely randomized design was used with treatments consisting of different concentrations of neem seed extract, jatropha seed extract, a chemical nematicide as a positive control, and an untreated control. Data collected included nematode population density, root galling index, vine length, number of leaves, tuber weight, and overall yield. Results indicated that both botanical extracts significantly (P < 0.05) reduced nematode populations and root galling compared with the untreated control while improving plant growth and tuber yield.

Neem seed extract consistently showed greater nematicidal activity than jatropha seed extract, particularly at higher concentrations. The study concludes that neem and jatropha seed extracts are promising, environmentally friendly alternatives for managing Meloidogyne javanica in yam production, with neem seed extract demonstrating superior efficacy. The adoption of these botanicals could contribute to sustainable nematode management while reducing dependence on synthetic chemicals.