Cannabis is one of the oldest plants that has accompanied the development of human civilizations, used for medicinal, nutritional, and industrial purposes across time and culture. Cultivation of this plant has occupied a special place in the northern regions of Morocco, contributing to the livelihood of many families despite environmental and legal challenges. With international shifts in cannabis legalization policies and global interest in sustainable development, the importance of reconsidering the plant's potential as an alternative economic resource has emerged.

This study examines the various uses of the Indian hemp plant and its evolution throughout history, starting with its culinary and industrial uses in ancient civilizations such as China and Egypt, and extending to innovative uses of the plant in sustainable construction, textile manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals. The study highlights practical examples such as houses made from hemp fibers, which represent a model of environmental sustainability, in addition to the industrial role of hemp fibers in the textile and rope industries. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities related to employing this plant in the pharmaceutical industry, whether for cosmetics or for treating certain chronic diseases, while highlighting the need to enhance scientific research to ensure its safe and effective use. The study concludes that proper exploitation of these potentials within an appropriate legal and environmental framework can effectively contribute to the development of the national economy in general, and to achieving economic and social development in areas licensed for the cultivation of Indian hemp in particular.