Prominent problems surrounding psychological and behavioural disorders in primary and secondary school students currently involve two parts of the school counselling core: adaptation and academic development and personality and social development. Based on the theory of social exchange and group socialisation, this study proposes that the educational principle of ‘combining high respect, trust (high care) and strict requirements’ in social exchange theory can better guide and help students’ personality and social development. Six hypotheses are verified based on a quantitative analysis of three primary and secondary schools in G Province as samples. Applying group socialisation theory to support school counselling can guide students better and help them adapt and develop academically, especially those involved in truancy and who refuse to attend school.