Research Article

Gambling Addiction in Senegal: Preliminary Results of A Study Conducted in Dakar Among Players of the Senegalese National Lottery (Lonase)

Authors: Idrissa BA, Mamadou Oumar SAMBA, Sokhna SECK, Ibrahima NDIAYE, Aïda SYLLA.

DOI: 10.33425/2641-4317.1234

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Abstract

Introduction: Gambling has long been practiced worldwide and remains deeply rooted in Senegalese society, particularly through the products of the national lottery company (LONASE). Despite increasing public concern about excessive gambling—especially among adolescents—no prior empirical study had documented the extent of gambling addiction in Senegal. Behavioral addiction to gambling shares neurobiological and psychological mechanisms with substance addictions, involving distorted beliefs, hope of gain, and loss of control. This preliminary study seeks to assess the prevalence of at-risk and excessive gambling among LONASE players in Dakar and to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of these gamblers.

Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory survey was conducted among active gamblers in Dakar, Pikine, and Rufisque. Six trained investigators administered a structured questionnaire within gambling venues after obtaining informed consent. The questionnaire collected sociodemographic data, types of games played, history of international travel and gambling abroad, psychoactive substance use, and any prior addiction treatment. Gambling severity was evaluated using the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI). A total of 405 participants were included.

Discussion: Although the sample does not allow generalization to the broader population, the study highlights strong indicators of problematic gambling in Senegal. The typical gambler is a 37-year-old man, either single or married, employed, educated, and residing in Dakar. Minors—despite regulatory prohibition—were also found to participate, with ages as low as 13. Nearly all respondents were male, consistent with sociocultural norms that stigmatize gambling among women.

Most participants were classified as problem gamblers (96.3%), with half falling into the excessive-risk category. Tobacco use was highly prevalent (39.5%), while alcohol and cannabis were less common. Only 1% had ever sought treatment for gambling addiction, indicating a substantial gap in recognition and care. The widespread engagement of employed individuals raises questions about financial vulnerability and gambling motivations. Overall, the study reveals gambling as an underrecognized public health issue in Senegal.

Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates that gambling is a significant reality in Senegal and that the majority of gamblers face mental-health risks associated with problematic gambling behavior. Strengthening early detection, raising awareness among LONASE staff, and developing referral pathways toward psychiatric and psychosocial services particularly CEPIAD—are crucial steps in addressing gambling-related harm. Continuous collaboration between health services and gambling operators is essential to mitigate the growing burden of gambling addiction.

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