Modern neurorehabilitation promises to revolutionize standard interventions for CNS impairments in domains traditionally dominated by physiotherapy. Functional neuroimaging models have greatly increased understanding of underlying mechanisms contributing to brain pathology, enabling improved diagnosis and targeted therapy. Building on diagnostic clarity, a spectrum of technological advances, ranging from machine learning and BCI intervention to non-invasive neurostimulation, now assist functional recovery either directly, through modulation of innate circuit and molecular plasticity, or indirectly, through externally controlled motor support.