Background: There is scarcity of baseline data on the burden of female reproductive systems cancers (FRSCs) in northern Ghana. The aim of this study was to summarize anatomic distributions and the clinico-pathological characteristics of FRSCs in our institution, and to offer recommendations for early diagnosis and prompt management.

Material and Methods: Data on the clinico-pathological characteristics of FRSCs were extracted from archived material, entered into a statistical database and analysed using SPSS software version 26.0 (Chicago). Fisher’s exact test was used to compare clinical variables of significant and a P-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 687 (31.9%), out of the 2,154 female cancers, reviewed in the department of pathology were FRSCs. The cancers were significantly common in young females (P-Value<0.001) with a mean age of 45.99 ±18.089. The common anatomic sites were: uterine cervix (42.9%), ovary (40.9%), endometrium (8.9%) and myometrium (8.8%). The mean ages of FRSCs based on anatomic sites: uterine cervix (53.21 ± 14.59), endometrium (44.26± 14.47), myometrium (45.52 ± 21.32), ovary (38.24 ± 18.43), vulva (56.41 ± 18.96) and vagina (49.00± 17.40). The predominant symptoms were: Bleeding per vaginam: uterine cervix (69.2%), endometrium (75.4%)] and vagina (42.9); intra-abdominal masses: Ovary (90.0%), and myometrium (63.0). Vulva cancers commonly presented as ulcers. (64.7). Invasive SCC was the common type of FRSCs in the uterine cervix (87.8%), vulva (52.9%) and vagina (57.1%). The others were: adenocarcinoma (49.2%) endometrium, MMMT (56.0%) myometrium and serous cystadenocarcinoma (17.0%) ovary.

Conclusion: Female reproductive system cancers were common among younger group, with advanced clinical features at diagnosis. The uterine cervix and ovaries being the common anatomic sites. HPV testing and vaccination, regular screenings and social and behavioral change strategies are crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with this gynaecological cancer.