Polio is a viral disease that, although controlled by immunization programs, still has a significant impact on individuals affected in the past, mainly due to permanent neuromuscular sequelae. Among these sequelae, asymmetric muscle weakness, lower limb dysmetria, orthopedic deformities, and progressive postural changes—such as neuromuscular scoliosis, often associated with PostPolio Syndrome—stand out. These conditions can progress to chronic pain and reduced functionality, leading to a decline in quality of life and making physical therapy necessary and fundamental in the rehabilitation process. The objective of this study was to report the effects of a conventional physical therapy protocol on pain control, functionality, and mobility in a patient with a history of Post-Polio Syndrome associated with scoliosis and chronic low back pain. This is a case report of a 50-year-old female patient with motor sequelae in the right lower limb dysmetria, pelvic obliquity, and C-shaped lumbar scoliosis, accompanied by severe low back pain and functional limitations. The physical therapy intervention consisted of 24 sessions over three months and was based on analgesic modalities, respiratory reeducation, myofascial release, joint mobilization, stretching, and progressive muscle strengthening of the core, gluteal, and paravertebral muscles. After treatment, there was a significant reduction in pain, improvement in functional capacity, and increased lumbar and hip range of motion, reflecting a positive impact on activities of daily living. The results indicate that conventional physical therapy, when applied on an individualized basis, is effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with sequelae of poliomyelitis, reinforcing its essential role in the rehabilitation and management of late musculoskeletal complications associated with this condition.