Urban drainage systems are essential for managing stormwater, mitigating flood risks, and sustaining urban resilience, especially under pressures from rapid urbanization, climate change, and increasing impervious surfaces. Traditional drainage networks, primarily designed for efficient wastewater conveyance, often fail under extreme rainfall events and high hydraulic demand, highlighting the need for integrated, adaptive solutions. This review synthesizes recent advancements in urban drainage planning, emphasizing the use of hydraulic modeling, optimization techniques, GIS, and Remote Sensing to assess network performance, predict flood inundation, and improve resilience. Methodologies including SWMM-based hydraulic simulations, one- and two-dimensional runoff modeling, and heuristic optimization algorithms enable accurate representation of flow dynamics, iterative network design, and cost-effective pipe sizing, while spatial datasets derived from high-resolution DEMs, satellite imagery, and precipitation products support precise mapping of impervious surfaces, catchment characteristics, and flood-prone zones. The novelty of this work lies in its integrated evaluation of conventional and smart drainage strategies, highlighting hybrid approaches that combine physical modeling, geospatial analysis, and optimization to enhance hydraulic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and adaptive capacity. Key findings demonstrate that smart and nature-based solutions such as green roofs, permeable pavements, bioswales, and sponge city initiatives significantly reduce peak runoff, pollutant loads, and carbon emissions while improving system resilience. The review provides evidence-based recommendations for cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and climate-resilient urban drainage planning, offering a comprehensive framework for future research and practical implementation in modern cities.