Alveoloplasty is a fundamental oral surgical procedure aimed at reshaping and smoothing the alveolar bone following tooth extraction or before prosthetic rehabilitation. This technique refines the bony contours of the maxilla and mandible to create a stable, functional, and esthetically suitable foundation for dentures or other oral prostheses. By removing irregularities such as sharp ridges, exostoses, or tori, alveoloplasty facilitates proper mucosal adaptation, improved jaw movement, and long-term comfort for the patient. This review explores objectives, indications, and various methods of alveoloplasty as well as potential complications associated with systemic medical conditions.