Introduction: Incisional hernias are a loss of continuity of the abdominal wall secondary to surgery or penetrating wound. The authors proposed to evaluate the surgical treatment of incisional hernias at the visceral surgery department of the University Hospital of Libreville in Gabon.

Patients and Method: This was a retrospective and prospective, analytical, transverse and mono-centric study performed at the CHUL visceral surgery department from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018, amounting to 2 years. All patients’ records with abdominal incisional hernias were retained. Parameters were collected from the operating room registers and patient records.

Results: The study involved 19 women and 5 men. The mean age was 44, 2 years with extremes ranging from 24 and 72. Obesity (n = 9), history of abdominal surgery (n = 6), prior postoperative wall infections (n = 5) were the most frequent contributing factors. Clinically, large incisional hernias were the most frequently found size. All patients underwent surgical treatment including 14 prosthetic repairs and 12 alloplasties. The average duration of hospitalization was 7, 3 days.

Conclusion: Eventrations is a frequent complication of parietal surgery, with a clear predominance of women. Larges incisional hernias lead patients to consult. Prosthetic parietoplasty is used more with a preference for the RIVES technique. The results are satisfactory in the short term.