Due to the aging of the population, accessibility policies for specialized healthcare for the elderly in Brazil have proven necessary, given the growing number of older adults and long-term projections. According to IBGE data, Brazil had 13.9 million elderly people in 2000; currently, this number has reached 27 million, and specialists project that by 2025 there will be around 32 million elderly individuals. This highlights the need to understand that healthcare policies and programs aimed at the elderly are a reality and will become a priority in addressing the needs of future generations of older adults. This justifies the importance of addressing the rapid growth of the elderly population in Brazil, with the objective of understanding the accessibility of seniors to healthcare programs, as well as the scope of these programs in facilitating their access. Using a literature-based methodology focused on specialists and the programs developed over the past 60 years, this study emphasizes the relevance of meeting the demands of Brazil’s elderly population. Considering the systemic aging of the population and the country’s low birth rate, both of which are pressing realities of modern society, it is important to recognize that advances in medicine and the expansion of healthcare programs have facilitated the extension of life expectancy among Brazilians. As such, this segment of the population requires more specific interventions. In this context, legislative progress has reinforced a right guaranteed by the 1988 Constitution.