This study investigates the factors influencing teenage drug abuse in Nigeria, focusing on socio-economic status, peer pressure, family structure, and mental health. Using secondary data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore how these variables predict the likelihood of drug abuse among Nigerian adolescents. The results indicate that peer pressure (β = 0.35) is the strongest predictor, suggesting that adolescents are highly influenced by their social circles in their drug use behaviors. Socio-economic status (β = 0.25) and mental health (β = 0.30) also positively correlate with drug abuse, highlighting the role of external access to drugs and emotional struggles as contributing factors. Conversely, family structure (β = -0.15) was found to have a negative relationship, where stronger family support reduces the likelihood of drug abuse. The findings underscore the complex interplay of social, familial, and individual factors in teenage drug abuse. The study recommends targeted interventions that focus on peer education, family support programs, and mental health services to effectively reduce teenage drug use in Nigeria.