Background: Fungal infections are common. A better knowledge of their distribution could help to improve the care of the affected patients. In Gabon, such studies are not frequent. However, the service of Parasitology-Mycology-Tropical Medicine is the reference of Mycoses diagnosis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of fungal species isolated from mycoses diagnosed within the Parasitology–Mycology - Tropical Medicine service, according to age and sex.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted within the Parasitology–Mycology–Tropical Medicine Service of the Faculty of Medicine, Université des Sciences et de la Santé (USS) in Owendo, Gabon. The files of patients consulting at the SPMMT for fungal infections from 2012 to 2023 were collected. Age, sex, medical history, current treatments, clinical manifestations, and disease history were recorded.

Results: Overall, 1,767 patient records from 2012 to 2023 were collected. The sex ratio of the patients was 0.54 and their mean age was 36.5 ± 18.2 years. More than half (55.4%) of the samples had a fungal infection due to a yeast, and around 18.7% were due to other fungal groups including dermatophytes, pseudo-dermatophytes and moulds. More than half of the identified yeasts were of the genus Candida sp. (42.3%). The frequency of yeast lesions was significantly different according to gender; mainly found in women. Men were twice as frequently infected by dermatophytes, pseudo-dermatophytes, or moulds than women (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: Fungal infection due to Candida spp and Dermatophytes are frequent in Gabon. Difference according to gender and age was found. Infections being more frequent among women and patients less than 50 years old. Biological identification of these infections is therefore crucial to provide appropriate care.