Compared with traditional pharmaceutical preparations, nanomaterials have a wider range of variable structural design ideas and a higher ability to be controlled artificially, which leads to more advantages and opportunities for nanomaterials to overcome the disease fields and research directions that traditional drugs have been powerless for more than 100 years. Tumor, brain and nerve, the lesions that are difficult to reach by drugs in history, are expected to be broken through with the improvement of nano drug delivery system. This review lists a variety of nano drug delivery systems with different design ideas, taking brain tumors as an example, including nano cars, nano robots, bionic nano drug delivery, intelligent nano drug delivery, light controlled nano drug delivery, macrophage nano drug delivery, biomaterial nano drugs represented by proteins, nanodrug immunotherapy, nanodrug gene therapy, etc. Otherwise, the advantages and special functions of nano drugs, as well as the safety risks of nano drugs under current research are listed. Finally, this review mentions the current problems that must be solved and the future direction of nano pharmaceuticals.