Heart failure (HF) represents the terminal stage of various cardiac diseases, characterized pathologically by impaired cardiac pumping function and reduced cardiac output. In the assessment of treatment and rehabilitation outcomes for HF patients, intrinsic capacity serves as a core indicator, encompassing evaluations across multiple dimensions such as physical function, cognitive function, and psychological status, thereby reflecting patients' rehabilitation potential. Based on recent domestic and international research, this article identifies the influencing factors of intrinsic capacity in HF patients and summarizes current key rehabilitation intervention strategies, aiming to provide insights for optimizing individualized rehabilitation plans.