Chronic venous insufficiency and varicose ulcers represent a significant public health problem, with clinical, social, and economic consequences that impact patients’ quality of life and place a heavy burden on the healthcare system. Despite international evidence highlighting the importance of self-care in the prognosis of these conditions, gaps persist in Colombia regarding how patients adopt such practices, particularly in regions like Huila. This study aimed to determine the self-care agency of patients with varicose ulcers in this department during 2025, using a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional design based on Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory. The sample consisted of 81 conveniently selected patients, who completed a sociodemographic and clinical profile, as well as the Self-Care Agency Assessment Scale.

Results showed that 76.5% of participants achieved a high level of self-care agency, reflecting the effectiveness of the educational and support system provided by the healthcare institution. However, a specific deficit was identified in the Activity and Rest dimension, as 60.5% of patients reported difficulties managing time for self-care, particularly influenced by the predominant domestic role. In conclusion, although overall self-care agency is high, it is essential for future interventions to focus on strategies for routine planning and strengthening family and social support in order to achieve sustained adherence and improve therapeutic outcomes.