Carotid occlusive disease generated by the atheromatous process is responsible for transient or permanent ischemic stroke. Most ischemic attacks occur in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Occlusions of the carotid axis are manifested by general ocular and cerebral signs. Management of carotid obstruction requires: control of risk factors, drug treatment (antihypertensive, statins, anticoagulant), surgical treatment if necessary.

Vertebrobasilar ischemia is accompanied by vestibular symptoms (vertigo), dizziness, vomiting, visual symptoms, less often, headache, mental confusion, dysarthria, tinnitus. Thrombosis of the cavernous sinus can be produced by the spread of infection from infectious foci of the cephalic extremity and is manifested by signs of generalized sepsis and inflammatory eye signs, initially unilateral that become bilateral.