Introduction: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections have become a cornerstone in the management of neovascular and exudative retinal and choroidal pathologies. This study aimed to determine the indications and demographic patterns associated with intravitreal aflibercept injections at the Teaching Hospital of Bouaké.

Patients and Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted from August 1, 2023, to March 1, 2025, at the Teaching Hospital of Bouaké. The study included 40 patients who received intravitreal aflibercept injections during this period. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, ocular history, clinical findings, visual acuity, and indications for injection.

Results: A total of 40 patients were included, with a mean age of 54.65 years (range: 30–76 years). Males predominated with a sex ratio of 2.07. Civil servants and traders accounted for 32.5% (n=13) and 30% (n=12), respectively. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (45%, n=18) and primary open-angle glaucoma (30%, n=12). Injections were administered unilaterally in 87.5% (n=35), predominantly in the left eye (52.5%, n=21). Uncorrected distance visual acuity before injection ranged from hand motion to counting fingers in 45% (n=18). Clinical signs included retinal hemorrhages (40%, n=16) and drusen (20%, n=8). The main indication for intravitreal aflibercept was diabetic macular edema (DME) in 45% (n=18), followed by macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in 22.5% (n=9), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 20% (n=8).

Conclusion: Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy remains an effective therapeutic modality for managing neovascular and exudative retinal diseases. Our findings reflect the growing burden of diabetic eye disease and vascular pathologies in our setting.