Aim: Although uncommon, lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) represents an important entity in the differential diagnosis of lesions sharing comparable clinical and radiographic characteristics. The present case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of a patient with LPC.

Case Report: A 41-year-old man was referred to the Department of Periodontology in February 2025 for the evaluation and management of a cystic lesion located in the left mandibular premolar–molar region. The provisional diagnosis of LPC, based on clinical and radiographic findings, was subsequently confirmed by histopathological examination following surgical enucleation. Treatment consisted of oral hygiene instruction, initial periodontal therapy, and complete excision of the lesion

Results: The lesion was successfully managed through surgical periodontal treatment. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was carried out over a 16-month period. At the final follow-up visit, the surgical site exhibited satisfactory healing, with no evidence of recurrence and radiographic signs of bone regeneration.

Conclusion: The present case underscores the importance of integrating clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings in the diagnosis of lateral periodontal cyst. Histopathological examination remains indispensable for definitive diagnosis, while long-term follow-up is advisable to monitor healing and detect any possible recurrence.