Aim: The aims and purposes of this review were to clarify the importance of extending our knowledge about risk factors affect oral and periodontal health which may influence the clinical outcomes of periodontal therapy and oral hygiene.

The view of periodontal diseases has been becoming more clearness and understanding recently, and all efforts spent to put a new periodontal Classification which will give us a different concept about same periodontal diseases we faced before.

Conclusion: The periodontal treatment is given to the patient should be supported by understanding environmental risk factors of disease locally and systemically, and this will help to get the favorable outcomes of oral or periodontal health. It is recommended that oral hygiene and periodontal treatment of patients should be followed by extended recalls of periodontal maintenance care program.