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Open AccessFamilial Periodontitis Associated with Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type I: A Case Report of Two Siblings
Authors: Amel Mahfoud, Leyla Mesmous, Malik Malki, Mourad Hamdaoui, Malika Meddad.
Abstract
Background: Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type I (LAD-I) is a rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency characterized by defective neutrophil function due to mutations in the CD18 gene. It results in recurrent systemic infections and aggressive early-onset periodontitis.
Case Presentation: This report describes two novel cases of LAD-I in male siblings aged 10 and 15, both born to consanguineous parents. Both patients presented with severe periodontal inflammation, tooth mobility, cutaneous lesions, and a history of recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Radiographic evaluation revealed generalized alveolar bone loss with a "floating teeth" appearance. Periodontal therapy included oral hygiene education, scaling and root planing, multiple extractions under general anesthesia, and antibiotic prophylaxis.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and interdisciplinary management are critical in improving both periodontal and systemic health in patients with LAD-I. These cases underline the importance of dental practitioners being aware of oral manifestations of systemic immunodeficiencies.
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