Introduction: An electrolyte disorder refers to an imbalance between the inputs and outputs of electrolytes present in the body. They are the major causes of several, sometimes life-threatening symptoms. It is crucial to recognize them. A large part is iatrogenic and could therefore be avoided and can be used as an indicator of good quality of care [1]. Despite not being uncommon in the general rheumatology practice, there are no available studies on the prevalence and complications of hydroelectrolyte disorders to date in our department.

Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of thirteen (13) years, from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2018. All patients hospitalized during that period and in whom an electrolyte disorder was observed were included.

Results: We enrolled 65 cases with hydroelectrolyte disorders. The most common age group was 60 years and over with a frequency of 58.5% of cases. Females accounted for 61.5%. Hypertension was the most associated condition (43.1%). Clinical signs were polymorphic and dehydration wrinkles were predominant with 52.3% of cases. Hypocalcemia (55.3%) and hyponatremia (47.61%) were the most common electrolyte disorders. Vomiting was the most associated digestive sign (35.3%). Mucocutaneous syndrome was dominated by wrinkles (52.3%), and the most common neurological sign was obtundation (30.7%). Torsade de pointes was the predominant cardiac sign (46.1%). Treatment was based on electrolyte disorder correction protocols. Nevertheless, the evolution was marked by death in 43% of cases.

Conclusion: Electrolyte disorders are common, and their management remains challenging. Hyponatremia and hypocalcemia were the commonest among others. It commonly leads to death in the elderly.