Diabetes Mellitus is affecting at least half a billion people globally. Being one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, to many, Diabetes Mellitus is considered to be a death sentence, to others, it means a struggle of survival. Diabetes is associated with increased premature mortality and a number of complications significantly impacting individual’s quality of life, such as loss of vision, kidney failure, stroke, heart attack, limb ischemia. In spite of being one of the most widely occurring and well researched diseases Diabetes Mellitus still has no definitive cure. The research and discoveries in cellular biology that were done in the recent years had shed some light upon the aspects of the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus, which may render more promising therapeutic solutions to this disease. Integration of the regenerative and preventive medicine protocols into the treatment paradigms for the Diabetes Mellitus may signify a beginning of a new era in treatment of the Diabetes Mellitus.