Introduction: Urolithiasis is the most common urological disease in the adult population. In view of the high risk of recurrence and repeated surgical interventions, the issue of metaphylaxis of urolithiasis measures aimed at preventing recurrent stone formation is of great importance and is a focus of the professional community.

Materials and Methods: An anonymous survey was conducted among Russian urologists to study the current state of the problem of metaphylaxis of urolithiasis. A 25-item questionnaire was sent by e-mail to more than 4116 Russian urologists. A total of 1,238 specialists completed the survey. The dataset compiled from the responses received was processed and presented as descriptive statistics in the form of tables and diagrams.

Results: According to the survey, more than half of the 831 specialists (67.1%) specialized in the treatment of urolithiasis. A total of 626 (86%) inpatient urologists and 205 (40%) outpatient urologists specialized in the treatment of urolithiasis. A total of 1180 (96.8%) respondents practised the prevention of recurrent stone formation, but only 336 (28.47%) performed a comprehensive metabolic examination for all patients, followed by a prescription for drug therapy and an appropriate diet.

Conclusions: Adherence to international clinical guidelines in terms of specific prevention of recurrent stone formation and dissolution therapy in Russia is low. The development and approval of national clinical recommendations should contribute to a more active use of preventive measures by urologists and the introduction of missing methods into the social insurance program.