Food Science & Nutrition Research
Open AccessEffects of Fungal Biodeterioration on Food Values (Qualities) of Carrot and Fungicidal Effects of Plant Oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cananga odorata and Hyptis suaveolens on Rot Pathogens of Carrots
Authors: Ijato JY, Ajisafe TJ, Ojo BO.
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of fungal infection on nutritional qualities of carrot and also to evaluate the fungicidal effects of some essential oils extracts on fungal rot pathogens of carrot. Carrot samples were gotten from Ado-Ekiti market and the test plant samples namely; Cymbopogon citratus (Tea leaf), Cananga odorata (Ylang Ylang) and Hyptis suaveolens (Pignut) as sources of test plant oil were gotten from a garden in Ado Ekiti, the fungal rot pathogens were isolated from rotten carrot and pathogenicity of the fungal isolates established. The nutrient compositions of both the healthy and fungal pathogens infected carrots were assayed. The infected carrots showed a reduction in the nutrient composition compared with the fresh and healthy carrot. The test plant samples were thoroughly washed in running tap water, washed once in sterile water, and shade dried in aseptic condition. The samples were dried for 15 days under room temperature (28 0C). The dried samples were then separately pulverized using an electric blender (Model M 20 IKA Universal Mill, IKA Group Japan). Five hundred grams (500g) of each ground sample was weighed into a filter paper folded together and these were tied with a thread to avoid being volatile. This was separately packed into the extractor chamber of Soxhlet extractor setup. The results of proximate analyses of infected carrot with various fungal rot pathogens showed that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (83.10%) and Aspergillus niger (82.60%) infected carrot exhibited highest percentage moisture content while Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (13.82%) and Mucor sp (13.35%) infected carrot had highest crude fiber, ash of infected carrot was mostly recorded by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (4.80%) and Rhizopus sp (4.70%), fat content was highest by Rhizopus sp (1.23%) infected carrot, highest crude protein of infected carrot was mostly exhibited by Penicillium species (13.43%) and Rhizopus sp (13.01%) infection, Penicillium species (17.87%) and Aspergillus niger (17.07%) infected carrot recorded highest value of carbohydrate. Carrot infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum had the highest moisture content (83.10%), crude fiber (4.80%) and Ash (4.80%). All the oil extracts had considerable fungicidal effects on all the fungal pathogens, Cymbopogon citratus oil extract possessed high fungicidal activity on the isolate. Oil extract of Cymbopogon citratus at 100.0/mL mostly inhibited Rhizopus spp (47.05%) and Aspergillus niger (46.15%), oil extract of Cananga odorata at 100.0/mL mostly inhibited Aspergillus niger (45.15%) and Rhizopus spp (45.00%) while oil extract of Hyptis suaveolens at 100.0/mL mostly inhibited Rhizopus sp (43.20%) and Aspergillus niger (43.10%).
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